History I.A. Wilson’s Essay Sample free essay sample

Wilson’s 14 points was a address delivered by Woodrow Wilson ( president of America from 1913 – 1921 ) which subsequently turned into the footing upon which the pact of Versailles was made. His series of points outlined what the post-war epoch would be like. Wilson’s points were meant to halt another war from go oning and were really indulgent towards the Germans. who were defeated in World War 1. It is hence of import to see to what extent does Wilson’s 4th point in the 14 points represent the American government’s rules from 1914 – 1920? Fourth point: Adequate warrants given and taken that national armaments will be reduced to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety. When look intoing this subject certain facets must be considered. These include how much support Wilson had received for his 14 points. whether or non Americans wanted to harshly punish Germany and if the authorities was willing to contend wars. This probe will be conducted by utilizing online. We will write a custom essay sample on History I.A. Wilson’s Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page written and primary beginnings including Paris 1919 by Margaret Macmillan. The First World War by Hew Strachan and Woodrow Wilson: World Statesman by Kendrick A. Clements. Part B ( Summary of Evidence ) How much support Wilson had received for his 14 points †¢ Wilson had efficaciously called for a Monroe philosophy of the universe and in this he represented the scruples of the American people. [ 1 ] †¢ WW1 was mostly caused in portion by a pre-war ammos race [ 2 ] †¢ Wilson brought the thought of self-government ( rights and autonomies of little states ) to Europe [ 3 ] †¢ The pact of Versailles was based on Harriet wilsons 14 points †¢ Republicans who made up a bulk in the senate by and large disagreed with the points [ 4 ] †¢ Most Americans were wary of foreign webs and Wilson found small support. [ 5 ] †¢ European Alliess owed $ 7 billion to the American authorities [ 6 ] †¢ The thought of American exceptionalism pervaded in the US – Americans being eager to put the universe to rights and ready to turn its dorsum in disdain if its message is ignored [ 7 ] †¢ Wilson took no republican party advisers with him to the Paris peace conference [ 8 ] †¢ A canvass by Literary Digest showed overpowering support among editors of newspapers and magazines for Wilson’s 14 points. [ 9 ] †¢ The 14 points expressed the long term involvements of western states [ 10 ] Whether or non Americans wanted to harshly punish Germany. †¢ Resulting from the pact of Versailles Germany had to: 1. Withdraw its frontiers. [ 11 ]2. Relinquish 25000 machine guns. 1700 aeroplanes. 5000 heavy weapon pieces and 3. 000 trench howitzers. [ 12 ] 3. Demilitarize the Rhine. [ 13 ] †¢ France and Great Britain wanted Germany to pay extended reparations. [ 14 ] †¢ A German Submarine had sunk a ship ( Lusitania ) incorporating 128 Americans in 1915. [ 15 ] †¢ The Zimmerman wire was a message from the Germans to Mexicans stating them to motivate war in southern America. [ 16 ] †¢ Wilson concerned about Americans desiring the obliteration of Germany [ 17 ] †¢ Wilson was under political force per unit area to enforce absolute resignation on the Germans. [ 18 ] If the authorities was willing to contend wars †¢ America had non gone into WW1 for district or retaliation. [ 19 ] †¢ America did non come in WW1 until April 1917. [ 20 ] †¢ America had gone to war against Spain and Mexico. [ 21 ] †¢ The American populace had grown weary of domestic and international campaigns. [ 22 ] †¢ Republicans believed that if the US were to fall in an association it should be with other democracies. non with a conference which threatened to pull the state into a ceaseless war. [ 23 ] Part C ( Evaluation of Sources ) Paris 1919 by Margaret Macmillan Margaret Macmillan is a professor and historiographer at the University of Oxford who has done extended research on the British Empire from the 19th century to the 20th century. She is known for plants such as Woman of the Raj and The Uneasy Century and has published the book Paris 1919 in 2001. This papers was written as a historical narration. specifically to give penetration into the events that happened in the 6 months taking up to the Paris Peace conference. As such it is peculiarly valuable since many old ages of both primary and secondary research have been done. and the narrative shows the ideas of President Wilson in the minute and taking up to the Paris Peace conference. Since this probe is looking at the extent to which Wilson’s 4th point represents the authorities it is of import to hold a beginning demoing the ideas of the leader of that authorities. Although. this beginning is limited in that it focuses chiefly on the Big Three. non other states holding anything to make with Wilson’s 14 points and it focuses excessively much on a little clip period of 6 months giving really small information beyond that. Woodrow Wilson: World Statesman by Kendrick A. Clements Kendrick Clements published his book Woodrow Wilson: World Statesman in 1987. Clements is presently a professor of history at the University of South Carolina and has done environmental and diplomatic research on American history. He has besides published plants such as William Jennings and Missionary Isolationist and wrote this life in order to demo the inside informations of Woodrow Wilson’s life. As a life it contains interesting information about President Wilson and his 14 points and this beginning is peculiarly effectual for this probe since it portrays Wilson’s actions and gives grounds as to why he acted in these ways. This beginning besides gives balance to the probe by conveying Forth an American point of position as compared to a British/Canadian position by Margaret MacMillan. It is nevertheless limited in that it does non supply much perspective besides this and tends to travel into excessively much item about apparently unimportant affairs. Mentions: [ 1 ] Elihu Root. â€Å"Elihu Root. Speech† . 4th March. 2012[ 2 ] Streich. Michael. American [ electronic mail protected ]/*December 15th 2010. Suite 101. March 5th 2012hypertext transfer protocol: //michael-streich. suite101. com/woodrow-wilsons-fourteen-points-a84500 gt ; [ 3 ] Margaret Macmillan. Paris 1919 ( New York: Random House. Inc. . 2001 ) . 9 [ 4 ] Coffey. Walter. American [ electronic mail protected ]/*December 15th 2010. Suite 101. March 5th 2012 lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //walter-coffey. suite101. com/woodrow-wilsons-fourteen-points-a297569 [ 5 ] Ibid [ 6 ] Margaret Macmillan. Paris 1919 ( New York: Random House. Inc. . 2001 ) . 10. [ 7 ] Ibid. 14[ 8 ] J. Perry Leavell. Jr. Wilson. World leaders past and present ( America: Chelsea House Publishers. 1987 ) . 88. [ 9 ] Ibid. 93.[ 10 ] Kendrick A. Clements. Woodrow Wilson. universe solon ( Chicago: G. K. Hall. 1987 ) . 212. [ 11 ] Hew Strachan. THE FIRST WORLD WAR ( New York: Penguin Group inc. . 2003 ) . 326 – 327 [ 12 ] Ibid[ 13 ] Ibid [ 14 ] â€Å"Lesson 4: Contending for Peace: The Fate of Wilson’s Fourteen Points. † EDSITEment. 4th March. 2012 [ 15 ] Jones. Steve. US foreign policy. New York Times Company. March 5th 2012 [ 16 ] Ibid[ 17 ] Kendrick A. Clements. Woodrow Wilson. universe solon ( Chicago: G. K. Hall. 1987 ) . 192. [ 18 ] Ibid[ 19 ] Margaret Macmillan. PARIS 1919. ( New York: Random House. Inc. . 2001 ) . 9. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] Jones. Steve. US foreign policy. New York Times Company. March 5th 2012 [ 22 ] Ibid. 10 – 11 [ 23 ] â€Å"Lesson 4: Contending for Peace: The Fate of Wilson’s Fourteen Points. † EDSITEment. 4th March. 2012 [ 24 ] Margaret Macmillan. PARIS 1919. ( New York: Random House. Inc. . 2001 ) . 152.

Deforestation Essays - Forest Ecology, Environmental Issues

Deforestation Essays - Forest Ecology, Environmental Issues Deforestation Eight thousand years ago, when humans didnt have an astounding affect on the world ecosystem, trees covered two fifths of the land. Since that time, the human race has burnt and chopped down half of the original forestland. According to Merriam-Websters Dictionary, deforestation is defined as the action or process of clearing of forests (www.m-w.com). The act of deforestation could, in a matter of just a few decades, completely strip the earth of trees. Deforestation not only has a phenomenal effect on the ecological balance of the world, but its economic stability as well. Tropical rainforests are disappearing faster than ever before. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that in 1980, the rainforests were disappearing at a rate of 114,000 square kilometers each year (Colchester and Lohmann, 1). More recent studies have shown a sharp increase in that number. According to a study completed by Friends for Earth, some 142,000 square kilometers of tropical rainforests were destroyed in 1989, and a further 200,000 square kilometers seriously degraded (Colchester and Lohmann, 1,2). The Amazon Rain Forest is among the leading places ravaged by deforestation. The first estimates of the damage done in the Amazon were made around 1970, suggesting that little clearing of forest had taken place (United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, 7). By 1980, it is estimated that over 125,000 square kilometers of forest had been cleared (UNRISD, 8). The most recent deforestation measurements by the INPE (Space Research Institute of Brazil) show that by 1988, some 251,429 square kilometers had been deforested (UNRISD, 8). According to an article published in The Economist in April 2000, an official survey listed the damage of 500,000 hectares (1.24 million acres) were deforested between 1990 and 1995. A new study, the article proclaimed, suggested that 1.7 million hectares [4.2 million acres] of the Amazon forest disappeared last year (Brazil- Still Chopping, 2000). Deforestation has a number of root causes, from agricultural purposes to increasing population. The most significant amount of deforestation is a direct result of agriculture and the need for food from the rising population. Most of the Brazilian Amazon forest, that stretched along the Atlantic coast was hacked down to make room for plantations of sugar, coffee and other crops as well as to make room for sprawling cities (Brazil- Still Chopping, 2000). Throughout history, as the natives moved through the forest, they began to clear small plots of land for cultivation and living. Once the land was no longer fertile, the fields were abandoned and the rainforest quickly grew back. As additional immigrants began to settle in the area, they too began to clear plots of land, much larger plots. It was not uncommon for the new immigrants to clear 10 hectares, and only plant four or five because of inadequate burning or the underestimation of weeding a large field (UNRISD, 14). Cattle ranching is another one of the highest reasons for deforestation. The UNRISD believes it to be the main land use in deforested areas of the Amazon (15). The ranchers cut and burn vast amounts of land for temporary pasture. After a short amount of time, a year or two at the most, the land is abandoned and another large area of the forest is cleared, repeating the cycle. Once the soil is too poor for farming or grazing, the ranchers move on. Due to the high price of chemical fertilizers, it is more cost-effective for the ranchers to clear new forest than to recuperate the old pastures. Some people believe that the rising income levels in the developed countries around the world is to blame for the increased farming and cattle ranching within the rainforests. The higher income, the more meat and food is eaten. After all, the rich do eat more than the poor do. Loggers and miners who are in search of gold, oil and tin are also destroying the tropical rainforests. According to Gallant, in his book Earths Vanishing Forests, an estimated one-half million prospectors are currently removing some 70 tons of gold a year from within Brazilian forests (5). The environmental effects of deforestation are alarming. Deforestation increases atmospheric carbon levels; is a factor in species extinction; and also increases the frequency of floods and soil relocation.

Annotation of articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Annotation of articles - Essay Example In fact, The Boston Globe is among the top ten newspaper websites in America. This undoubtedly shows that it is a trusted source of information. The fact that it has been done by an experienced movie critic, Burr, who is definitely aware of what to put in and what not to makes it even more reassuring. It is definitely an official review. Reflections of War by Stanley Kauffmann. Kauffmann, Stanley. â€Å"Reflections of War.† New Republic. 236.10/11 (3/5/2007). Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 September 2012. In his review, Kauffman starts by giving a description of the place covered in the movie, Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams. In fact, it is clear that he understands the plot. He is also very well informed since he even offers an account that the writer-director of the film lives right across the place. He also offers a succinct description of the characters depicted and the events that take place. Kauffman also offers an account of the movie Close to Home, which is a legal dr ama showcasing the existence of crime in the streets. Here, Kauffman also offers a clear account of who is involved and what happens. Being a movie critic, this does not go without an opinion from his perspective. Kauffman himself is an experienced film and theatre critic as well as a talented author and editor. The New Republic on the other hand is a genuine source. In fact, the magazine has been around since 1914. The magazine itself is very informative in the disciplines of arts and politics. Post War: Sarajevo conflict was hell, but what comes after is another battle by Ella Taylor. Taylor, Ella. â€Å"Sarajevo conflict was hell, but what comes after is another battle.† Villagevoice.com. Feb 6, 2007. Web. 6 September 2012. Taylors review begins with a reflection of what is happening today in war torn countries as well as what has been there in the past. She also gives an account of the effects of past wars in various countries. Despite being less graphic, Taylor describes the movie Grbavica: The Land of My Dreams as being one that brings back sad memories of the war which is another emotional battle. The review particularly highlights the plight of women, and especially single mothers who have to carry heavy burdens of being sole providers, in a male dominated society. Ella Taylor is an experienced movie critic and holds vast experience writing for various media companies in America. Villagevoice media on the other hand is an informative and genuine features and news website. The source of information is therefore legitimate. This information is very helpful in understanding the aftereffects of wars and genocides. The conflict in Sarajevo clearly shows what goes on in the lives of war victims physically, emotionally and psychologically. It is clear that although the war has ended, every victim still continues to struggle with memories and emotions arising from past events. Looking to the Future, Living with the past by Stephen Holden Holden, Stephen . â€Å"Looking to the Future, Living with the past.† nytimes.com. February 16, 2007. Web. 6 September 2012. Life after war is always haunted by memories and bitterness from the past. In his review, Holden clearly highlights this. Even when the war remains in the past, victims inevitably carry it with them. Memories of what happened cannot be rubbed from their minds and every time they come back with a